鱿鱼内脏的营养及其开发利用

按照国标方法,对鱿鱼内脏的营养成分进行检测。结果表明,鱿鱼内脏营养丰富,每100 g鱿鱼内脏中含脂肪21.15 g,蛋白质21.24 g,钙51.46 mg,铁609.07μg和磷95.88μg。此外,鱿鱼内脏消化液中还含有18种氨基酸(包括全部人体必需氨基酸),鱿鱼内脏油脂脂肪酸中含有10.58%的EPA和15.23%的DHA,非常值得研究开发与利用。     

多架次作业植保无人机最小能耗航迹规划算法研究

利用栅格法对工作区域进行划分,快速得到往复遍历式植保无人机的作业路径,在以作业架次数最少为约束条件的情况下,研究了一种多架次返航路线规划算法,合理地分配了各架次的喷药量和返航点,使无人机的工作总能耗最小,降低了无人机在非作业情况下无效消耗能量,提高了作业效率。仿真结果表明,在同等作业条件下,在一块210 m×200 m的矩形作业区域,采用本算法进行航迹规划,相比于仅以药液耗尽为返航依据的航迹规划,能耗节省率达到了12.89%,而且作业面积越大,能量节省效果越明显,通过田间对比试验,进一步证明了算法的可行性。     

Epidemiology and control of Menangle virus in pigs

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology and eradication of Menangle virus infection in pigs. DESIGN: Field observations and interventions, structured and unstructured serological surveys, prospective and cross-sectional serological studies and laboratory investigations. PROCEDURE: Serum samples were collected from pigs at a 2600-sow intensive piggery in New South Wales that experienced an outbreak of reproductive disease in 1997. Serum samples were also collected from piggeries that received pigs from or supplied pigs to the affected piggery and from other piggeries in Australia. Serum and tissue samples were collected from pigs at piggeries experiencing reproductive disease in New South Wales. Sera and faeces were collected from grey-headed flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus) in the region of the affected piggery. Serum samples were tested for neutralising antibodies against Menangle virus. Virus isolation was attempted from faeces. RESULTS: Following the outbreak of reproductive disease, sera from 96% of adult pigs at the affected piggery, including sows that produced affected litters, contained neutralising antibodies against Menangle virus. Neutralising antibodies were also detected in sera from 88% of finisher pigs at two piggeries receiving weaned pigs from the affected piggery. No evidence of Menangle virus infection was found in other piggeries in Australia. In cross-sectional studies at the affected piggery, colostral antibodies were undetectable in most pigs by 14 to 15 weeks of age. By slaughter age or entry to the breeding herd, 95% of pigs developed high antibody titres (> or = 128) against Menangle virus in the virus neutralisation test. Menangle virus was eradicated from the affected piggery following a program of serological testing and segregation. Neutralising antibodies against Menangle virus were also detected in P poliocephalus from two colonies in the vicinity of the affected piggery. Two piggery workers were infected with Menangle virus. There was no evidence of infection in cattle, sheep, birds, rodents, feral cats and a dog at the affected piggery. CONCLUSIONS: Serological evidence of infection with Menangle virus was detected in pigs at a piggery that had experienced reproductive disease, in pigs at two associated piggeries and in fruit bats in the region of the piggery. Two humans were infected. The mode of transmission between pigs is unknown, but spread by faecal or urinary excretion is postulated. This virus can be eradicated by the segregation of pigs into discrete age groups.     

Development and promotion of laborsaving application technology for paddy herbicides in Japan

Total labor time on paddy rice has been decreasing year by year with the development and introduction of appropriate herbicides, especially ‘one‐shot' herbicides. However, in the case of application of granules, it is still difficult for a farmer to apply herbicides while carrying heavy power backpack sprayers. New formulation recipes and different application technology such as a throw‐in type formulation on jumbo granules or flowable has improved heavy workloads in comparison with granule application by using heavy power backpack sprayers. In addition, other advantageous points such as application volume and elimination of the drift problems of this new application technology were introduced and confirmed. As a result of this introduction, these formulations were used in 830 000 ha and reached 30% of the total treatment area in paddy rice in 2000.     

不同工艺方法对鱿鱼热风干燥效果的影响

采用热风干燥技术对鱿鱼胴体进行了2组不同工艺方法的试验研究,对2种试验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,不同干燥工艺方法对鱿鱼干燥效果产生显著影响。采用第2组试验方案进行干燥,可以明显改善干燥中存在的干燥速度不一致、干燥不均匀问题;与第1组试验方案相比缩短干燥时间约2 h,制品的质量也明显提高。     

聚磷酸盐在单冻鱿鱼肉片生产中的应用

本文通过试验和方差分析,研究了不同盐类及其浓度和浸泡时间对鱿鱼肉片保水性的影响。结果表明,鱿鱼肉片的最适保水工艺条件是:食盐浓度0.5％,三聚磷酸盐0.5％,浸泡时间7-8h。     

云南松纵坑切梢小蠹成虫扬飞期测报研究

１９９２～１９９４年在玉溪市刺桐关林区对云南松纵坑切梢小蠹成虫进行了系统的调查。据系统观测，成虫梢转干历期约１４３天；干转梢历期约为１２９天；梢转干的高峰期为每年的１月２４日～２月１０日，计１８天，期间累计成虫数占总虫数的６６．６５％；干转梢高峰为每年的５月５～２５日，计２１天，期间累计成虫数占总虫数的６４．５６％。为便于监测测报，对成虫梢转干、干转梢过程中当地林木相应的物候期进行了观察     

基于DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC法中国远洋鱿钓渔业脆弱性指标选择与分析

远洋鱿钓渔业是我国远洋渔业的重要组成,该渔业极易受到环境等因素的影响。为可持续高质量发展我国远洋鱿钓渔业,本文结合脆弱性理论和方法,从气候与环境、物种、社会经济三大方面建立了我国远洋鱿钓渔业社会—生态系统脆弱性指标体系,运用决策试验与评价实验室(DEMATEL)法、解释结构模型(ISM)法以及交叉影响矩阵相乘(MICMAC)法对影响指标及其关联性进行分析。研究表明,鱿鱼渔业资源是最核心的因素,对我国远洋鱿钓渔业脆弱性起决定性作用;科技投入、政策与管理、捕捞强度是最具影响力或驱动力的因素;我国远洋鱿钓渔业脆弱性指标可分五大类,要把重点放在关联因素、调整因子和驱动因素上,其次为依赖因素,自主因素无需过多关注。研究认为,除渔业资源外,脆弱性系统可分为四个层级,长期监控L3和L4层指标,重视L2和L3层的指标,针对性地调整L1层指标,是保持我国远洋鱿钓渔业长期健康发展的有效路径。该研究不仅能识别影响我国远洋鱿钓渔业脆弱性的关键因素,同时可为远洋鱿钓渔业的科学管理提供理论指导,并为脆弱性实证评估奠定基础。